William Shakespeare s A Raisin Of The Sun - 1683 Words

In an introduction to her collection of her plays, Ntozake Shange criticized black dramatists for â€Å"integrat[ing] the notion that a drama must be words...cuz we all remember too well/the chuckles scoffs† (63).The fear of being laughed at has steered black artists away from embracing humor. This fear stems from the distortion of blackness in minstrel shows and racist tropes . Tragically, black dramatists have overlooked the usage of humor in African traditions. While in the past humor has been often used for ridicule, it has also been utilized as an act of sly resistance. The African trickster still lives on in black narrative. It has evolved from African folk tradition to provide an observation of the African-American experience. However, the subtlety and indirection of tricksterism sometimes causes it to be easily misunderstood. An example of misread humor is found in the praise for Lorraine Hansberry’s drama A Raisin in the Sun. The play was an immediate success among critics and audiences. In speculation of its popularity, many have argued whether this play is specifically black or universal. The play is often dubbed a genuine depiction of life in America. White critics praised Hansberry’s ability to harmoniously unite the black and white experience in one play. This â€Å"compliment† is humorous in itself. It demonstrates just how subtle Hansberry’s humor is. Her dry, witty observations scattered throughout the play require a personal understanding of blackness. ThroughShow MoreRelatedEssay on A Raisin in the Sun vs. The Glass Menagerie745 Words   |  3 PagesA Raisin in the Sun vs. The Glass Menagerie   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  America is known around the world as the land of opportunity, a place where you can follow your dreams. No matter how selfish or farfetched ones dream may be, their goal will always be available. Whether it be the pursuit of the woman of your dreams, like that of Jay Gatsby, or the hunt for something pure and real, like Holden Caulfield. A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansberry, and The Glass Menagerie, by Tennessee Williams, exhibit the variousRead MoreLove and Marriage Illustrated in Raisin in the Sun, A Dolls House and Is Love an Art960 Words   |  4 Pages1800’s through early 1900’s women and men were did not â€Å"tie the knot† like the women and men do in today’s day. In today’s world, women and men get married because they have many things in common, they are in love with each other, and they choose to get married to one another. In many stories written back then, readers can expect to read about how marriages were ar ranged and how many people were not having the wedded bliss marriage proclaims today. Take a look at Ruth and Walter in â€Å"Raisin of theRead MoreRacism, Sexism, By Harper Lee And Kill A Mockingbird 1519 Words   |  7 Pagescomment implies that being a girl is a bad thing, and that Scout is not allowed to play with them if she continues to act scared and â€Å"girly.† Jem believes having feminine qualities is unacceptable, whereas Walter, in Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin In The Sun, believes that it’s okay if women want to be feminine, as long as they remain in their place. He tells his younger sister, Beneatha, â€Å"Who the hell told you you had to be a doctor? If you so crazy ‘bout messing ‘round with sick people – thenRead MoreThe And Oral Communication Curriculum2560 Words   |  11 PagesAs teenage research writers, personally, our lives have been sheltered and confined, leading us to believe these injustices exist only in works of literature, such as those we shared in the honors written and oral communicatio n curriculum: A Raisin in the Sun, To Kill a Mockingbird, Romeo and Juliet, and other time-tested works. Unfortunately, identity based on sex isn’t some foreign concept. In fact, we have found traces of gender discrimination in and around our â€Å"safe† local communities. TogetherRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article The Ground On Which I Stand 1771 Words   |  8 Pagesin theatre. He discussed on the grounds he stand meaning of what he respect in the growing life of theatre. The infamous ancient Greek dramatists who are Sophocles, Euripides and Aeschylus. William Shakespeare, Shaw and Ibsen, the Americans dramatists were Eugene O’Neill, Arthur Miller and Tennessee Williams. Another group of individuals who pave the way were the black theatre writers such as Nat Turner, Denmark Vesey, Marcus Garvey and Elijah Muhammad. He discussed that the â€Å"black theatre† wasRead More Comparing Aime Cesaires A Tempest and Shakespeares The Tempest2940 Words   |  1 2 PagesComparing A Tempest and The Tempest  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   William Shakespeare wrote The Tempest, arguably his finest work, on the eve of European colonization of the New World in 1611 (Hollander and Kermode 445-46). As a result, common European ideas about the New World in the early 1600s are alluded to throughout the play (446). Through the propagandistic writings of explorers like Captain John Smith, who authored a sensational and unsubstantiated account of his dramatic rescue from death at the hands ofRead MoreEssay Art Life of Langston Hughes5893 Words   |  24 Pagesover these attacks from the right can be seen in his poem Un-American Investigators this was published after his death in 1967 in The Panther and the Lash. Career influence-on American culture Throughout the turbulent decades of the 1920s through the 1960s many Black Americans went through difficulty and hardships. Comfort was found only in their dreams, it was during this time Hughes became a voice for blacks, especially for those who lived in the ghettos of Harlem. They would dream aboutRead MoreLiterature Has The Power Of Free2443 Words   |  10 Pagesinspired millions, and continues inspiring. If that does not relate the power of books, the power of writing, the power of literature, then nothing will. Literature also helps people to become independent. In playwright Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun, one of the main characters was born into a poor black family, but decided to makes something of herself. She went to university, and although her family disagreed with her ideas most of the time, she was proud of who she had become. This beingRead MoreLiterature Has The Power Of Literature3178 Words   |  13 Pagesinspired millions, and continues inspir ing. If that does not relate the power of books, the power of writing, the power of literature, then nothing will. Literature also helps people to become independent. In playwright Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun, one of the main character was born into a poor black family, but decided to makes something of herself. She went to university, and although her family disagreed with her ideas most of the time, she was proud of who she had become. This beingRead MoreHow to Write a Research Paper11497 Words   |  46 Pagespaper topic: The training a meteorologist needs Evaluative paper topic: A contrast of the training a meteorologist needed in l940 to what he/she needs in 2000 Informational paper topic: Benjamin Franklin s political life Evaluative paper topic: The effect of Benjamin Franklin s writing style upon his career 3. Working Bibliography The first step in researching a topic is to compile a working bibliography of potential sources of information, both primary and secondary. The subject

Abortion Make It Illegal Free Essays

Dallas Chambers Mrs. Baker English 112 03/26/13 Abortion: Make It Illegal Some people believe that there is nothing wrong with abortion, and that it is perfectly moral. Meanwhile others believe that abortion is murder regardless of how far along the baby has developed. We will write a custom essay sample on Abortion: Make It Illegal or any similar topic only for you Order Now No matter what a person believes, abortion is not the right choice. I believe that every child has the right to live even if the mother is young or not financially secure. Abortion is the termination of an innocent child. There are many reasons why abortion should be illegal: ethically and physically. There are many reasons why women choose to have an abortion. Some are selfish and others are selfless, or to protect themselves or the child from future harm. The selfish reasons include that having a baby would interfere with school/work, that they cannot afford a baby or that they are having problems with their significant other. These are merely excuses for not wanting to accept responsibility for their actions. Some of the selfless reasons include medical problems, either with the mother or child, and because the woman was raped. These are the two main qualifiers for this argument. Some women say it is their right to choose whether or not they want to abort a baby. This is true and that right is protected in the Constitution. Also, in the Roe vs. Wade Supreme Court case in 1973, the Court ruled that abortion is a woman’s fundamental right. However, when considering an abortion a woman is not just making a choice about her own life, she is deciding whether or not to terminate another. It is fine to make a decision when it only concerns one person, but when it is a decision for that person and someone who cannot speak for themselves it is not fair. There are plenty of other options to choose from rather than aborting a baby. These women could give the baby away to a loving family who can’t conceive children or who has health problems. They could have the baby adopted, granted it is not easy to give away a child but it is better than terminating it and never giving that child a chance to grow. There are open adoptions and closed adoptions. It is very easy to find a place to arrange an adoption considering in today’s society the world is at our fingertips. If a person looks on Google they can find plenty of websites that can arrange adoptions. For example, just in North Carolina there is achildshope. com, christianadopt. org, littleangelsadoption. net and many more. A woman could also put the baby in the foster care system or take the â€Å"path less traveled† and keep the baby themselves. It is better to have a child and give them to a deserving home or couple than to terminate it before he/she even had a chance. Think about it. Any of the lives terminated could end up becoming a doctor, lawyer, or even the next Einstein. Another reason not to terminate a life is because abortion can cause health problems to the woman who receives it. These health problems do not only include physical but also mental. Some physical side effects of abortion are bleeding, hemorrhage, infection, inflammation of organs, and increased risk of miscarriage in the future. Some psychological side effects include anxiety, depression, use of alcohol and marijuana, and also suicide. Abortion can cause many health problems and may even kill you, not to mention it is terminating the life of an unborn child†¦ Why would a mother risk that? However, if there are risk factor brought on by a pregnancy then the subject of right or wrong gets more complicated. Either the mother or the child’s life could be in danger. If the mother could possibly die by giving birth to the child then it is not right for anyone to prevent her from terminating the pregnancy, if she chooses to do so. Also, if the child will be terminally ill from the moment of birth, than the mother should be able to determine whether she should terminate the life of that child. Another qualifier would be if the woman was raped. A woman should not have to endure the pain of pregnancy when it was not her choice to have intercourse in the first place. However, a woman cannot just go to a clinic and say they were raped. There must be a police report on file stating that the woman was raped in order to go ahead with the abortion. Abortion has been a very controversial subject for the past few years and throughout all the debates regarding it I have heard some very interesting comments made by the Pro-Choice believers. Some of these comments included that women should be able to make their own decisions, the baby isn’t alive until it exits the womb, and it is better to kill a baby than have it suffer in a family who doesn’t want it or cannot provide for it. While all women have the right to decide what to do with their bodies, they all have to take responsibility for their actions as well. If a woman is headed to work and drinks a fifth of vodka before getting in the car to drive there, that is her choice. However, if she ends up killing someone she can’t just say â€Å"well, I’m pro-choice† and then walk away. That woman would have to face the consequences of her actions and go to jail. Why is it any different to kill a human being outside of the mother’s womb than it is when the child is still inside of it? Either way a human being was killed. Whether they were born yet or not is irrelevant. â€Å"A baby isn’t alive until it exits the womb. † Some people do believe that a baby is not alive until it takes its first breath, which is at birth. However, whether you consider the baby alive at the moment of conception or not, the baby will grow into a human being and for someone to terminate the child’s life before it has a chance to grow and develop is wrong. The only moral termination of pregnancy is through miscarriage and nobody has control over that. As previously stated, there are other options than just keeping the â€Å"unwanted† child. There is foster care, open adoption and closed adoptions. In conclusion, abortion is morally and ethically wrong. It is the termination of an unborn child and a woman should not be allowed to terminate a pregnancy without any consequences. There are plenty of other options to choose from besides just terminating a pregnancy. This is why abortion should be illegal in the United States. How to cite Abortion: Make It Illegal, Papers

Creativity And Innovation Of Stealthy And Watchy †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Creativity And Innovation Of Stealthy And Watchy. Answer: Creativity and Innovation: Perturbing thought. The two types of dwarfs were stealthy and watchy. They all used to be part of the dwarfs in the play. Stealthy had skillful infiltration abilities (Brothers, 20113). Stealthy was a gate-crusher and secretive because he could sneak around unnoticed. He even died trying to sneak into an enemy lair. Watchy is a dwarf who watched over the dwarfs eggs until they hatched. Stealthy tried to sneak his brothers out of prison, but he was killed. The disease that killed one of the dwarfs was the psychological disorder. His ability to be secretive makes him be killed while trying to sneak his brothers out of prison. The dwarf could keep so many secrets to himself (Phillips et al., 2011). Innovation all around us There are many factors that have changed in the body of a human being. For instance, the body sizes and shapes of human have changed. There is a very great difference between the traditional body size and the modern, and probably the future will be another story. In the ancient times, human species were small in size and had short legs and long arms (Stout, 2011). This is because they were vegetarians in nature, so their diet required a large digestive tract. They had a very wide rib cage that made room for stomach, intestines and other organs that would help in the digestion process. Today our bodys structures are different because we have a smaller digestive tract and longer legs for our survival. This could help to digest food faster, therefore, providing energy for walking longer distances. The factor that led to such body changes is the climate change. The adoption of a very hot climate led to the change in the body structure. When human beings spread to the colder climate, ther e was also change in the body shape and size. Their bodies changed in a way that enabled them to stay warm. This explains the reason why some people have wide and short bodies. This helped them to conserve heat. The early human beings did not continue depending mostly on the plant-diet, but their diet changed to cooked food and raw meat. This explains the reason why the modern human beings have a short digestive tract. The key innovations that led the change in human body size and shape include adaptive radiations, ecological opportunities and also the invasion of new environments. One of the most causes of phenotypic and species diversification is the ecological opportunity. This is the access to the newly inaccessible places (Floud et al., 2011). This is because to exploit a new ecological environment there must be differentiation in phenotypic among the closely related human species. This results in human species diversification if the phenotypic differentiation is in connection with the physical appearance of an individual. These ecological opportunities can be of three forms the exposure to new environment through dispersal or changes to the existing environment through the forces that modify the environment, second is the evolution of key innovations that force the human species to use the environments in new ways, and lastly, is through the extinction of ecological competitors that create a new previously filled place. Adoption to the newly available places triggers the rates of phenotypic change. Filling up the newly accessed niches following the evolution to key innovations also increases the rates to phenotypical characteristics. Dietary inventions have greatly affected the body and shape human beings. For example, there is the introduction of meat eating, cooking, and changes associated with plant and animal domestication (Floud et al., 2011). For instance, the specific shape may have arisen from the adaption of leaf and fruit-based diet. Increase in brain size and the decrease in the gut size may be due to the improvement in the diet. Human beings today use the plant and animal products as their meal which was not the case in the past. This has led to the change in the body size and shape. For example, the use of cooking oil in cooking has led to increased body size. Therefore, people tend to be obese. I believe these are the key innovations because the present human beings are different from the past human beings. In the present time, people are affected by cancers and many other diseases because of their diet. This causes some of their body parts to be eliminated. I believe ecological opportunities have c hanged the body and size of the human race because it makes them adapt to the various environment whether hot or cold. For instance, when there is drought food supply tends to drop, and people will be forced to eat a little food to sustain them. In the next ten years we will grow much taller and also our horizontal growth will grow exponentially this means that we are still developing as human beings. The weight of our bodies will also expand because we eat too much and not do much of our exercises. Gene mutations will increase therefore affecting metabolism. This will force people to grow obese. So in the next ten years, we will remain as tall as we are but the fat depositions will increase. We will continue expanding as days go by. In the next ten years, people will not be having most of their body parts because of so many diseases brought by the change in dietary. To survive the next mass extinction, we will have to travel to another planet. Right now there are so many deadly viruses in the world, and I think the human genes in the future will repair themselves and fight all the diseases that are attacking the human race. This is when we will try to keep our human species. Creativity and innovation around us How to clean up plastics from our oceans is one of the wicked problems that have chosen, and ocean cleanup is an organization under discussion. Ocean cleanup is an organization that is coming up with an achievable method to get rid of plastic bags in the worlds oceans. Every year millions of plastic bags get into the oceans with the rivers and canals being the prime source of the pollution. Immediately the plastic gets to the ocean, they either sink or get to the oceanic accumulation zones often called the gyres. The organization majored mostly on the gyres because they are the major oceanic accumulation zones in the world (Kershaw et al., 2011). The ocean cleanup that was invented by a Dutch student used currents to direct plastics into a V-shaped array. The plastic was then fed into a collection tower where they would be removed later. There is also a water wheel device which is powered by solar. It helps in removing plastics from the source using the debris ranking system (Kershaw et al., 2011). The wheel is piloted in Baltimore harbor. They have also integrated recycle plastics into other products. They have also come up with a strategy to prevent plastic leaching by improving coastline waste management in Indonesia, Philippines China, and Vietnam. They have also come up with preventive measures like the ban on plastic bags, micro beads, and other disposable items. I choose the organization because of the more effort it puts in trying to keep our oceans clean and trying to eliminate the various effects the plastic bags would cause to the human beings and the marine eco-system. When the plastic bags get into the ocean, the ir ratio is high than the zooplankton which is an important component in the eco-system because it provides nourishment to the small fishes all the way to the whales (Sigler, 2014). Therefore, because the content of the plastics is high, they end up being ingested by the marine wildlife. Some microplastic matter has been found in the bodies of fish, so they existence is being endangered. Also, we end up eating the fish which also affects the human race indirectly. It is a non-profit organization which is coming up with technologies to get rid of the plastic from the worlds ocean. The organization was founded in 2013 by a Dutch who is the acting CEO. It has received very a million dollars donations from sponsors, for example, chief executive Mark Benioff and philanthropist Peter Thiel. It also did a crowdfunding campaign and raised two million USD in the year 2014. At first, they used ships with nets to catch plastic bags for research purposes. The organization right now purposes a large scale removal of plastic bags. This has helped them in their innovations and their creativity. Mostly the Dutch helped them in this because he faced many difficulties in the ocean. This motivated him to find a way of getting rid of the plastic bags. References Brothers, G. (2013).Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs(Vol. 501). Trajectory, Inc. Floud, R., Fogel, R. W., Harris, B., Hong, S. C. (2011).The changing body: Health, nutrition, and human development in the western world since 1700. Cambridge University Press. Kershaw, P., Katsuhiko, S., Lee, S., Woodring, D. (2011). Plastic debris in the ocean. United Nations Environment Programme. Phillips, S. C., Engen, V., Papay, J. (2011, November). Snow white clouds and the seven dwarfs. InCloud Computing Technology and Science (CloudCom), 2011 IEEE Third International Conference on(pp. 738-745). IEEE. Sigler, M. (2014). The effects of plastic pollution on aquatic wildlife: current situations and future solutions.Water, Air, Soil Pollution,225(11), 2184. Stout, D. (2011). Stone toolmaking and the evolution of human culture and cognition.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences,366(1567), 1050-1059.

Midevil Times Essays - Feudalism, Middle Ages, Social History

Midevil Times Highlights of the Medieval Times The Medieval period was a time of many great accomplishments. Even though kings struggled for land power(Holt, 186), and people struggled just to stay alive, it was a time that will always mark a spot in history. Of the Middle Ages there were three main topics; government, manor and town life, and the role of the church. All three of these influenced the medieval Times greatly. The government of the medieval times was based on a system called feudalism. This was a system of government was based on personal loyalties between lords and vassals. This system is different from modern governments, do to the fact that they are usually strong and centralized. The top person of feudalism was the lord. The lord had authority over everybody including the vassals. The vassals were people who owed loyalty to a lord. In feudalism, the status of knights was considered to be the lowest, however, to be a knight in armor was a great honor. Feudalism continued to gain power through out many countries during the medieval times. It lead to the success of many powerful monarchies. Eventually feudalism died out do to new ideas and stronger centralized governments began to take over. During the Middle Ages, all life was surrounded around the manor. The castle that was in the manor was made of stone and had a moat surrounding it. Although people would think that manor life would be great and pleasant, it was not always like that. Food scraps and other garbage was often just left on the floor. Arrows could be shot through the windows because they had no glass for windows. The peasants lived outside of the castle in little villages. Peasant families lived in small hut made of mud or wood with straw roofs (Holt, 195). These hut only had one room, therefore it made life very miserable for many people. A peasants day of life consisted of farming. Not only did they have to farm their land, but also had to farm the lords land also. Life in the medieval Times may seem to be very difficult, which it was, but it has changed our lives for the better. The center of medieval life was all about the church. During this time, the people believed that they could only be saved through the church. Eventually through out the years, other stuff came into their lives, and church was not a important. The people still remained loyal to their religion, but it no longer played as the center of their life. Finally, as the church role began to fade away, the time began to give away into a new age. During the Middle Ages, there were three main aspects, which were the government, the manor and town life, and the role of the church. All three of these things led to many achievements that will always mark a spot in history. Mythology

4 Top Secrets to Professional Success for Millennials

4 Top Secrets to Professional Success for Millennials Like the Baby Boomers before us, the Millennials are fast becoming a major force in the workplace. As we move onto career paths from school and internships, there are new challenges to the status quo. But how do we negotiate those- and more importantly, how do we help define what we want the workforce to be as we move forward? 1. Build Your Brand Like It’s Your Job.More than ever, social media is a factor in hiring. Keeping a close eye on what you put out there on Instagram, Vine, Twitter, etc. is an essential way to manage your professional image. Share content relevant to your field, and monitor who’s reposting and engaging you on that content. And for the goofy/personal stuff? Set up a private account that’s just for you and your social crew, and make sure it’s entirely separate from your â€Å"Janie Smith, Marketer Extraordinaire† profile.2. Think Outside the 9-to-5 Box.One of the defining moments for the Millennial generation of workers was the economy crash of 2008. Younger workers were often lost in the shuffle as jobs were cut all over the place. But that wasn’t necessarily doom- it was a wake-up call that maybe the standard 9-to-5 job isn’t the only way to go. Many people can make their career work as freelancers, part-time workers while pursuing other opportunities, teleworkers, and other nontraditional employees. Being flexible may be the best option for you.Also, don’t hesitate to use non-paid experience as a selling point on your resume. If you picked up stellar office communications during your internship, say so. If you developed rockstar time management skills during your volunteer gig, list it.3. Play the Long Game.Plan ahead. Retirement may be a long time away, but there’s an awful lot that can happen in the meantime. Be smart about financial planning, but also about whether you’ll want to have a family at some point, or start your own business. The earlier you get started f actoring long-term goals in to your plans, the easier it will be to actually set them in motion when the time comes.4. Think About More Than Money.A high-paying job in your chosen field is The Dream†¦ who doesn’t want that? But there may come a time when you need to consider whether other factors are just as important as the salary figure. Flexible work arrangements, vacation time, and the ability to travel may end up being just as golden to you as a slightly higher paycheck.   Definitely take your priorities into consideration during any hiring and negotiation process.As Millennials face a unique moment in their career paths, you should see it as a chance to take hold of the process and find ways to develop it (and yourself) into the professional world you’d like to see.

Manson Family Member Linda Kasabian

Manson Family Member Linda Kasabian Charles Manson made a poor call when he picked Linda Kasabian to join the group of killers who set out to kill everyone inside the homes of actress Sharon Tate and Leno and Rosemary LaBianca. Kasabian was there  but stood in horror as the screams of the victims broke the nights silence. She managed to escape from the Manson family and later turned states evidence during the Tate and LaBianca murder trials. It was her eye-witness testimony that sealed the convictions of those responsible for the brutal murders. The Early Days Linda Kasabian was born on June 21, 1949, in Biddeford, Maine. At age 16, she quit school, left home and headed out west in search for the meaning of life. While on the road, she lived in various hippie communes where she engaged in casual sex and drugs. By the age of 20, she was a two-time divorcee and had given birth to a baby girl. On July 4, 1969, pregnant with her second child, she visited Spahn Ranch and immediately joined Charles Manson and the Manson family. Helter Skelter On August 8, 1969, Kasabian, who had only been with the Manson family for four weeks, was selected by Manson to drive family members Tex Watson, Susan Atkins and Patricia Krenwinkel to 10050 Cielo Drive. The assignment for the night was to murder everyone inside the home. Manson believed that the massacre would kick start an apocalyptic race war that he had predicted and named Helter Skelter. It was the address of actor Sharon Tate and her husband, film director Roman Polanski.   The couple was renting the house and Sharon Tate, who was eight and a half months pregnant, invited Hollywood hairstylist, Jay Sebring,  coffee heiress Abigail Folger, and Polish actor Wojciech Frykowski, to stay as house guests while Polanski was away in London. 10050 Cielo Drive had previously been the home of record producer Terry Melcher, who Manson had tried to get a record contract with, but the deal never materialized. Angry that Melcher was putting him off, Manson when to his home to confront him, but Melcher had moved away and Manson was asked to leave the premises. Angry and rejected, the address became symbolic of all that Manson hated about the establishment. Butchered When the Manson family members arrived at the Tate home, Kasabian watched as the groups first victim, 18-year-old Steven Parent, was shot to death by Tex Watson. Parent had just graduated from high school and was trying to raise money for college. He was hoping to sell his radio to his friend William Garretson, who was the caretaker of the Tate home.  After visiting with Garretson, he  was on his way home and was driving up to the electric gates to leave the Tate home, just as the Manson group arrived. Watson knifed and shot him three times, killing him. Kasabian later  stood watch outside the Tate home and heard screams coming from inside. She watched in shock as some of the victims came running outside the home, soaked in blood and screaming for help, only to be caught and butchered on the front lawn by Tex Watson  and Susan Atkins. Kasabian tried to stop the massacre by telling the group that she heard noises, but her attempts failed and everyone inside the house, including eight-month pregnant Sharon Tate was viciously murdered. After the murders, Kasabian wiped off blood and fingerprints from the weapons used in the murders and dropped them into a ravine. The LaBianca Murders The next night Kasabian was ordered by Manson to go out again and later testified that she was too afraid to tell him no. This time the group included Manson, Watson, Atkins, Krenwinkel. Kasabian, Van Houten and Steve Grogan. The group drove to Leo and Rosemary LaBianca. First Manson and Tex went inside the LaBianca home and tied up the couple. He instructed Watson, Krenwinkel, and Van Houten to go inside and kill the couple. Manson, Kasabian, Atkins and Grogan drove away, and went hunting for another victim.   Manson wanted to find and murder an actor who was also one of Kasabians old boyfriends. She purposely pointed out the wrong apartment and the group, tired of driving around, gave up and returned to the ranch. Kasabian Escapes Spahn Ranch Two days after the LaBianca murders, Kasabian agreeing to run an errand for Manson, used the opportunity to flee from Spahn Ranch. To avoid suspicion she had to leave her daughter Tonya behind. Later  she located her daughter at a foster home where she was placed after the October police raid on Spahn Ranch. Kasabian Turns State Evidence Kasabian went to live with her mother in New Hampshire. A warrant for her arrest was issued on December 2, 1969, for her involvement in the Tate and LaBianca murders. She immediately turned herself over to the authorities and turned states evidence and was given immunity for her testimony. Her testimony was invaluable for the prosecution in the Tate-LaBianca murder trial. Co-defendants Charles Manson, Susan Atkins, Patricia Krenwinkel and Leslie Van Houten were found guilty largely based on Kasabians direct and honest testimony. After the trial, she returned to New Hampshire where she dealt with a lot of public scorn. She eventually changed her name and it has been rumored hat she moved to Washington State. See Also: The Manson Family Photo Album Source:Desert Shadows by Bob MurphyHelter Skelter by Vincent Bugliosi and Curt GentryThe Trial of Charles Manson by Bradley Steffens

Drugs used in ischemic heart disease and congestive heart failure Essay

Drugs used in ischemic heart disease and congestive heart failure - Essay Example Along with beta blockers, ACE inhibitors can also be used since they retard progression of coronary artery disease. These drugs act by inhibiting the activity of the enzyme which decreases the production of angiotensin II. They must be used in caution while using with other drugs because of their potential to increase potassium levels. Statins are used to control hypercholesterolemia. These include atorvastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, lovastatin and fluvastatin. Their use leads to significant improvement in endothelium-dependent dilation of coronary and peripheral arteries in patients with hyperlipidemia. They also have the advantage of stabilizing atheromatous plaques in coronary arteries and may even contribute to regression of coronary atherosclerosis (Zevitz, 2006). The cornerstone of medical treatment in both patients with symptomatic and those with asymptomatic myocardial ischemia is antianginal medications. The drugs which fall in to this category include beta blockers, calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine, felodipine, and amlodipine, and nitrates. These drugs act by increasing blood supply into the coronary arteries. Long-acting nitrates are effective in the treatment of myocardial ischemia and are frequently used in combination with both beta-blockers and calcium channel antagonists. Short-acting nitroglycerin is the agent of choice in the treatment of acute symptomatic myocardial ischemia (Zevitz, 2006). The antiplatelet drugs which may be used are aspirin, clopidogrel, ticlopidine, or dipyridamole. Of these, aspirin is most effective in reducing risk for MI. These drugs act by decreasing platelet aggregation and inhibiting thrombus formation. They are effective in the arterial circulation, where anticoagulants have little effect. The goal of pharmacotherapy in CCF is to achieve a PCWP of 15-18 mm Hg and a cardiac index >2.2 L/min/m2, while maintaining adequate blood pressure and perfusion to

1111 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

1111 - Essay Example In the study, directed by Susan D. Moeller, a professor of journalism as Maryland University, 200 students were asked to give up their electronic gadget for 24 hours. The students were unwilling to give up their electronic gadgets and they only did so unwillingly because they had to oblige to their teachers’ request. In the study, it was observed that most of the 200 students who took part in the study seemed traumatised by the experience of giving up their digital devices. In response to their experiences for the 24 hours that they remained without their digital gadgets, the students expressed various experiences about how they felt alienated and disconnected from the world or from their friends and relatives. This study showed that media influences people’s decisions in various ways. To begin with, in this study, it was found that the majority of American students are really addicted to media. This is because describing their feelings when they have to abstain from using media requires using the terms that are used to describe other forms of addictions; these terms include withdraw, frantic cravings, anxiety, jittery, crazy, miserable, and extremely antsy ( Maasik and Solomon, 2003 ). For this reason, therefore, media influences the decisions of people in a significant way through making people addicted to it. Once one is addicted to media, his/her decisions in life will be inclined or based on their objects of addiction, i.e. media. That is why we learn in this study the students who participated in this study unanimously expressed the view that they felt isolated from life when they abstained from using their digital gadgets. Secondly, we learn in this study that for the majority of the students who took part in the study, abstaining from using media meant losing their personal connections; for the students, electronic gadgets are their links to the world and abstaining from using digital gadgets, therefore,

Ancient democracy to present democracy Essay Example for Free

Ancient democracy to present democracy Essay The word democracy is derived from two Greek words, demos, which means people, and kratos, which means rule. Today the word has come to mean exactly that, ruled by the people. Many ancient political Greek philosophers would use the phrase the governors are to be governed which we can relate to today. Even though the Greeks notion of democracy is dramatically different from our current democracy, it has been one of the most influential philosophies that have shaped the political thought of the United States. Ironically the term democracy is the most used term to describe the American government even though it has little meaning in our government today. The Athenian government was the first democracy known to the world. Athens had a government where all of the citizens took part in the decision making. Thus, everyone who qualified as a citizen could participate and did not have to be an elected representative. For one to be considered a citizen they first had to be born in Athens and had to be free. Next, once turned eighteen years of age he had to have at least two years of military training then serve in the navy or army. After he has served he could then vote. After the age of thirty he could be considered for council. The women of Athens were also considered to be citizen however they did not posses any political power. The Athenian democracy had three main branches which were the assembly, the council, and the jurymen. The assembly had the reasonability of making the policies for Athens. The assembly could be considered the legislative branch and it was made of eligible Athenian citizens. The council enforced administrative matters and the policies. They were also in control of the military and finances. The council was made of five hundred citizens and could be considered the executive branch. The jury men had the important yet tedious job of resolving disputes of the people. There were six thousand jurymen to manage this job in the courts. The Greeks of Athens had no single head of the government and no political parties. The United States has some similarities with Athenian democracy but very few. There are three branches, the legislative, executive, and the judicial which  are similar to the three branches of Athenss government. The legislative branch is made of the Senate and the House of Representatives. They are in charge of making the laws of the states. The House of Representatives consists of a representative from each state. There is one representative from each district in the state. The district in each state depends on the population of the state. There are four hundred and thirty five members of the House. Each of them only serve for two years and then have to run for re-election. The Senate consists of one hundred members. Each state has two representatives in the Senate. The Senate has three times the amount of service time than the House. The Executive branch is the president and his cabinet. The president gets to appoint his cabinet which consists of several positions, the Secretary of State, Attorney General, National Security Advisor, and more. The judicial branch has nine justices as apposed to six thousand, one that serve as the Chief Justice. Once they are appointed by the president they serve for the rest of their lives. As you can see, the American democracy doesnt quite fit the Greeks definition of democracy. They have appointed officials that can dictate how the people live. The Greek democracy actually consisted of citizens that could participate in political issues without being elected or appointed.

Motherboard: The Soul of the Computer Essay -- Computing

â€Æ' I. Introduction â€Æ' II. Criteria in Choosing a Motherboard A. Form Factor This refers to the physical aspects of a motherboard. It simply categorizes motherboards into its general shape and size. Consequently, it would specify the type of power supply and case it can support. Standard form factors of IBM PC compatible industry, ensures interchangeability across generations of technology likewise with products of competing vendors. On the other hand, in enterprise computing, form factors ensure that server modules fit into existing rack mount systems. B. Chipset The chipset is a set of integrated microchips in the computer’s motherboard which is primarily intended to work with a particular group of microprocessors. It has an important job of determining the system’s performance, controlling the communication between the processor and external devices, handling a huge amount of data and directing data from the AGP bus which results to affecting the machine’s graphics performance. It is composed of two major microchips, the North Bridge which connects the CPU to the main memory and graphics controllers, and the South Bridge which manages the data to other integrated components and slower local buses like PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect), ISA (Industry Standard Architecture). C. Expansion Slots/Ports Expansion slot is a type of port on the motherboard that allows the user to install additional features on the computer such as graphics performance enhancement and memory expansion. These slots offer computer flexibility and upgradability and permit devices such as network cards, sound cards, video cards, and modems to connect. D. Reputation This is merely a reflection of the company’s social status derived from th... ...ion: http://www.brighthub.com/computing/hardware/articles/69163.aspx. Marks in History: ASUS Motherboards. (n.a.). Retrieved August 07, 2010 from ASUSTeK Computer Inc.: http://www.asus.com/ contentpage.aspx?content_type=aboutasus&content_id=9. DFI. (2010). Retrieved August 07, 2010 from DFI - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/dfi. Computer form factor. (2010). Retrieved August 07, 2010 from Computer form factor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/computer_form_factor. Kozierok, C. M. (2001). Motherboard Form Factors. Retrieved August 07, 2010 from PCGuide - Ref - Motherboard - Form Factors: http://www.pcguide.com/ref/mbsys/mobo/form.htm. Reputation. (2010). Retrieved August 07, 2010 from Reputation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/reputation#reputation-based_decisions.

A Materialistic Society Essay

A happy life is more important than anything someone can buy in a store. It’s not a physical thing nor is it materialistic. Society has come to orbit around the quality of things they can buy to impress the neighbors and to show off how much money they have invested. They want the shinier, the bigger house, and the greener lawn. It doesn’t matter how expensive your car is or how big of a house you have. Material possessions are great for only so long, but nothing lasts forever. Society shouldn’t be focusing so much on materialistic things that can always be replaced, when memories are out there to be made. Today, life is being lived too fast. No one slows down to enjoy their life. We should all get off the train once in a while and experience things at our own pace. In today’s society, life is about how successful a person can be, how much money they can earn, and how much nice stuff they have. Society’s prime focus is mainly about materialism instead of the more important things in life such as family. According to New York Times there are statistics stating that â€Å"materialism is bad for you† In Lexington Massachusetts, a psychologist and couples therapist named Aline Zoldbrod says† A husband and wife no longer connect, they are so exhausted from the pursuit of nicer things ( a big house, private school for the kids, fancy cars) that they are time starved and depleted. Life is luxurious yet unsatisfying and simply no fun†. Now, children are starting school around three and four years old. People are even staying in school longer. Now instead of going to get a job, when a student graduates high school, they immediately go to college. After college, they go to work. At this job they will have a 401K and a pension plan. They will work at this job for over twenty years. During these twenty years, they will raise a family and put them through school. The cycle has begun again for another generation. While working this job, people in society are expected to support their family financially. Parents are too busy working to notice their child’s life is passing them by. It is understandable after all, with the cost of living increasing, parents have to work more hours to make ends meet. Everything a family is doing in today’s society is either to save money or to earn more money. For example, every store has some kind of sale going on at any given time to try and get more business so they can make more money. When did society start worrying more about their financial situation rather than the quality of their life? A person can have all the money in the world but that doesn’t mean they lead a happy and fulfilled life. Life shouldn’t be about having the best things possible, but rather having the best times possible. Life has become too rigid and too structured that no one even has time to sit back and relax. It’s important to make time for yourself and for your family because you can’t take back time you can only pass it. Everyone is constantly running and looking for ways to make their life easier and ways to make things faster so they can fit more things into their schedules. A persons life is so busy because of the almighty quest for more money. A happy life is more important than anything someone can buy in a store or online. Its not a physical thing nor is it materialistic. Its life and you only live once so you need to make the best of it, and enjoy the little things. If you just make a little less room for the materialistic things that can be easily replaced, and a little more room for memories that are out there to be made.

Analysis of Rudyard Kipling’s “The Bridegroom” Essay

During the First World War, death was a constant threat. Soldiers faced it every day in the trenches, and more succumbed to it. Rudyard Kipling’s Epitaphs of War represents the impact those deaths had across much of the world. â€Å"The Bridegroom† exposes the last thoughts of a dying soldier through an extended metaphor, personification and tone. First of all, the title and first stanza reveal that the speaker, a young soldier, is either dying or already dead. Traditionally, a bridegroom defines a man on his wedding day. In this poem, Kipling personifies the bride as death and therefore the title refers to a man on his last day. The speaker is a soldier fighting in the trenches, writing or at least speaking out to his wife back home. The first stanza initiates the apologetic and sorrowful tone that is used throughout the poem. The soldier asks his wife not to call him â€Å"false† as he rests in other arms. He apologizes to his beloved for abandoning her for a new mistress, death. The arms not only represent death’s embrace, but they also evoke falling to the weapons of the enemy in battle. The stanza also demonstrates that the couple’s marriage is recent as the speaker mentions his wife’s â€Å"scarce-known breast.† The second stanza clearly brings forward the poem’s theme. The soldier mentions his â€Å"more ancient bride,† death. She is qualified as ancient because she has always existed, not only with him but since the beginning of time. He also describes a cold embrace, the word cold working on several levels here. It refers to the deceased and his rigidity, but it also expresses his reluctance to follow death. By calling her â€Å"constant,† Kipling emphasizes the reality of death on the battlefield; she was faithful and always lurked over the soldier. The third stanza describes how the young man escaped from his â€Å"often set marriage† with death through unexplained miracles. We can suppose that he narrowly survived several life-threatening events, thereby cheating death,  which relates back to his â€Å"cheating† on his living marriage. His â€Å"new† marriage is now perceived as â€Å"consummate,† a term which is usually used for unions made complete through the sexual act. This union, however, refers to the soldier’s falling into death’s embrace, finally touching her after a long apprehension and ultimately lying in her bed, his grave. The term â€Å"consummate† can also represent perfection, which, in this marriage refers to the fact that it was meant to be. The last line reinforces the consummation by saying that the union â€Å"cannot be unmade.† Death cannot be unmade; it is a permanent state as the ideal marriage is, but it also returns to the metaphorical bed which will forever remain unmade. In the last stanza, the tone reaches a lull, yet is still filled with sorrow. The speaker urges his wife to â€Å"live,† to move on and allow life to â€Å"cure† her of the painful memory of him. Kipling uses a metaphor to treat memories as a painful disease that can only be cured by time. The soldier expresses fear of being forgotten with the word â€Å"almost.† He wants to be remembered although he mostly desires for his beloved to regain happiness. The final two lines return to a more somber tone as the soldier states he will have to endure the â€Å"immortality† of memories in death. In the end, we can feel the young man has a greater acceptance of his state as he begins using the pronoun â€Å"us† to qualify himself and death. The marriage, having been consummated, as previously stated, they are now one. Immortality is an evocative word, which fits perfectly into the general theme. The soldier is now immortal, fixed in time with his memories and never able to make new ones. The term also refers back to death, which is immortal in its own way. To conclude, Rudyard Kipling’s â€Å"The Bridegroom’ expresses the difficult process associated with death. The various metaphors and personification bring forward the themes in an apologetic, somber tone. The nameless soldier represents all young men who died young unfairly in the trenches, afraid of being disloyal to their countries.

Medicines management †an introduction to non-medical prescribing 2000 word case study The WritePass Journal

Medicines management – an introduction to non-medical prescribing 2000 word case study 1. INTRODUCTION Medicines management – an introduction to non-medical prescribing 2000 word case study 1. INTRODUCTION1.1 . MEDICINES MANAGEMENT1.2 . NON-MEDICAL PRESCRIBING1.3 . CASE STUDY2. PATIENT OVERVIEW3. DIAGNOSIS3.1 . DIAGNOSTIC TOOL3.2. TREATMENT RECCOMENDATIONS4. MEDICATION  4.1. GALANTAMINE4.2. MIRTAZAPINE4.3. LORAZEPAM5. LEGAL, ETHICAL AND PROFESSIONAL ISSUES5.1. ADHERENCE5.2. MENTAL CAPACITY5.3. ETHICAL CONCERNS6. REFERENCESRelated 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 . MEDICINES MANAGEMENT Medicines management can be defined as; â€Å"†¦a system of processes and behaviours that determines how medicines are used by the NHS and patients.† (National prescribing centre,2002, P1). According to Dr Michael Dixon chair of the NHS alliance, Medicines management services are the processes for designing, implementing, delivering and monitoring patient-focused care, based on need, and include all aspects of supply and therapeutic use of medicines within healthcare settings. â€Å"Poor medicines management within organisations can lead to low public confidence in health services, unaddressed health needs and unsatisfactory patient outcomes and can lead to unscheduled emergency admissions or failure to maintain independence in the community leading to re-admission to hospital and other acute care settings. It can also lead to organisational issues such as, unmet targets, inappropriate allocation of resources, inefficient services, and risk.† (Calderdale pct, 2004) â€Å"Good medicines management means that patients receive better, safer and more convenient care. It leads to better use of professional time and enables practitioners to focus their skills where they are most appropriate. Effective medicines management also frees up resources which means that NHS money can be used where it is most effective. Good medicines management benefits everyone.† (npc.co.uk/mm/index.htm) 1.2 . NON-MEDICAL PRESCRIBING â€Å"Non-medical prescribing is prescribing by specially trained nurses, optometrists, pharmacists, physiotherapists, podiatrists and radiographers, working within their clinical competence as either independent or supplementary prescribers.† (npc.co.uk/prescribers/resources/NMP_QuickGuide.pdf) The Department of health recognised that non-medical prescribers are a large and growing workforce. They found that by the end of 2009 there were over 14,000 nurse prescribers, 1700 pharmacist and supplementary prescribers and many community nurse prescribers and allied health professional prescribers that had qualified to prescribe within their competence. (DOH, London, 2009). 1.3 . CASE STUDY This piece of work is a case study of a service user from the authors practise placement area at the time of writing. The case study incorporates three key elements within it; The service user Three medications prescribed to them The legal and professional issues surrounding the above The case study will look at these three elements in detail within the report. 2. PATIENT OVERVIEW (In order to uphold confidentiality, during this report the service user in question will be referred to as ‘Mary’. (NMC, Code, 2008) Mary is a seventy three year old lady who was admitted to the inpatient practise placement area on the 02/04/2011. Mary has a diagnosis of Alzheimers Dementia and was presenting with increased confusion and according to her care givers (Mary was a resident in a nursing home) had been showing signs of depression and aggression over the last few months culminating in a series of aggressive outbursts which ended in a serious attack on a member of her care home staff. The decision had been made that a hospital admission to the organic illness assessment ward (Older people’s services) was necessary to manage risk, assess the progression of Mary’s condition and reassess her package of care. Mary was initially resistant to all interventions from the ward team and displayed high levels of agitation and aggression. The consultant and nursing team felt that medication would play an important role in the management of Mary’s initial presentation. However Mary’s resis tance to any therapeutic interventions meant that alternative approaches were felt to be the only option at the start of treatment. John was also given a capacity assessment and found to lack capacity which allowed the ward staff to treat Mary effectively in her best interests. (For Mary’s pen story see appendix 1) 3. DIAGNOSIS Mary has a diagnosis of Alzheimers   Dementia. The Alzheimer’s society explain the term dementia describes a group of symptoms these include a decline in memory, reasoning and communication skills a gradual loss and decline in the skills needed to manage the individuals activities of daily living , confusion and a change in behaviour or personality. These symptoms are caused by the physical impact of disease or injury on the brain. There are a number of different conditions that lead to dementia including Alzheimers disease. (alzheimers.org.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php?documentID=160) 3.1 . DIAGNOSTIC TOOL â€Å"Making a diagnosis of dementia is often difficult, particularly in the early stages The time it takes to make a diagnosis can vary. If scans and other investigations are required, it could be 4-12 weeks. If the person is in the early stages of dementia, a 6-12 month period of monitoring may be required before a diagnosis can be made.† (alzheimers.org.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php?documentID=121) â€Å"The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) is the most commonly used test when a diagnosis of Dementia is being considered The MMSE is the test that the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE)  recommends for deciding whether a drug treatment for Alzheimers Disease should be prescribed.† (http://guidance.nice.org.uk/DT) However NICE do stress it should not be relied on as the only means of assessment alone as diagnosing dementia involves careful monitoring and assessment. 3.2. TREATMENT RECCOMENDATIONS â€Å"Treatment for Dementia should only be initiated and supervised by a specialist experienced in the management of Dementia.† (BNF, 2009, P280) 4. MEDICATION â€Å"Being prescribed a medicine is arguably the most frequent intervention in the NHS† (Shepherd, 2002). Mary’s medication was reviewed on admission to the inpatient ward due to her aggressive and volatile presentation. For the purpose of this report three of the medications Mary was prescribed will be discussed in detail.   4.1. GALANTAMINE â€Å"Acetylcholinerase inhibiting drugs are used in the treatment of Alzheimers disease, specifically for mild to moderate disease.† (BNF, 2009, P280) Galantamine is a medication used to treat moderate Alzheimers dementia disease. Alzheimers occurs as a result of atrophy of the cerebral cortex. The disease causes changes in central neurotransmitter function especially the cholinergic system. It is linked to a lack of sufficient acetycholine levels. Evidence also points to raised levels of glutamate (a neurotransmitter). Galantamine is one of the centrally acting inhibitor of acetylcholinerase. It is a reversible acetylcholinerase inhibitor medication which works by increasing levels of acetylcholinerase in the synaptic cleft of central nervous system neurons. Galantamine is used to ‘slow’ neuronal degeneration by impeding further atrophy of the cerebal cortex. Evidence for the drug relates to an individual’s cognitive enhancement, however there is no cure for Alzheimers dementia and so medication is purely palliative. (Aarbakke, J et al, 2006) Interactions of Galantamine from a patient safety perspective include:- Warfarin effects are enhanced. Antipsychotics and barbiturates effect is reduced (Johns dose of Zuclopenthixol increased to counteract this) Muscle relaxants effects are modified. Dosage of Galantamine must be carefully considered and the individual’s renal functioning and Creatinine levels must be checked prior to treatment. Side effects of Galantamine include:- Nausea Sleep disturbance Headache Dizziness Drowsiness and fatigue Depression (Treated with Mirtazapine in Mary’s case) (BNF, 2009, P281) Mary was prescribed Galantamine Hydrobromide (Reminyl XL) a prolonged release medication. The Scottish medical consortium state Reminyl XL is recommended for the treatment of moderate Alzheimers dementia and allows a reduction in dose frequency and is as cost effective as immediate release forms of Galantamine. (scottishmedicines.org.uk/files/reminyl_XL_Summary_Advice__FINAL__for_website.pdf) 4.2. MIRTAZAPINE Mirtazapine is a medication used to treat depression. Theories explain the cause of depression as a neurobiological change resulting in too little Noradrenaline and 5HT in some central nervous synapses. Mirtazapine is an Atypical antidepressant. It is a presynaptic alpha2 adrenoreceptor antagonist and increases central noradrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmission which then increases the release of noradrenaline. Mirtazapine has an antihistamine effect with sedative effects and so is beneficial to Mary due to her agitation and restless presentation. Mirtazapine is also suitable for older adults due to its anticholinergic effect. (Aarbakke, J et al, 2006) Interactions of Mirtazapine from a patient safety perspective include:- Alcohol – Sedation increased Warfarin – Enhances anticoagulant effect Anxiolytics and hypnotics – Sedation increased. Mary is also prescribed Lorazepam at present and this is monitored closely when given for over sedation. Withdrawl from Mirtazapine must be staggered due to side effects of withdrawing. (medicinenet.com/mirtazapine/article.htm) Dosage – Mary is on a titrating dose of Mirtazapine and so may be experiencing side effects which she is not used to and may cause her further distress. It was important that Mary be monitored closely and reassured during this time. Side effects of Mirtazapine include:- Increased appetite and weight gain (regular weight assessed and diet chart commenced) Oedema Sedation (Mary is monitored closely for over sedation due to her other medications sedative effects) Dizziness and headache Postural hypotension (Mary’s blood pressure is checked daily) â€Å"Mirtazapine causes few antimuscarinic effects and is therefore recommended over Trycyclic antidepressants† (BNF, 2009, P215). 4.3. LORAZEPAM Lorazepam is an Anxiolytic. Benzodiazepine anxiolytics are indicated for use short-term in anxiety states. However they are also used as an adjunctive therapy at the beginning of anti-depressant treatment to ease the initial worsening of symptoms, as in Mary’s case. Interactions of Lorazepam from a patient safety perspective:- Respiratory Depression- (Mary was monitored and physical obs taken post dose) Sleep apnoea syndrome (Mary was on arms length observation levels anyway) Severe hepatic impairment Myasthenia Gravis Side effects of Lorazepam include:- Drowsiness Lightheadedness Confusion Ataxia Headache Hypotension (Mary’s bp was taken on a daily basis) Confusion and Ataxia may be particularly apparent in elderly and should be closely monitored. (BNF, 2009,P189) 5. LEGAL, ETHICAL AND PROFESSIONAL ISSUES Therapeutic interventions which involve the prescribing and administration of medications have legal, professional and ethical implications. In Mary’s case these included the following issues. 5.1. ADHERENCE One of the problems with medication administration as part of planned care was Mary’s resistance to all interventions from the ward staff. â€Å"People with dementia often have problems taking prescribed medication. They may forget to take it without prompting or supervision, and can lack awareness of their health problems. Some believe they do not need medication as they think there is nothing wrong with them.† (Stapleton, L. 2010) Medication adherence can be improved by applying some simple measures:- Ensure patients know what drugs they are taking, why they are taking them, and when.   Also check that they are aware of any possible side effects, and what to do if they experience them. Check that all patients with dementia are able to take their medication safely by organising dosette systems, and ensure carers can help patients where necessary. Give all patients and their families’ information about how to contact the clinic nurse by providing verbal information and written leaflets. Ensure patients have a written treatment plan. (Stapleton, L. 2010) According to Cheesman (2006), adherence is an approach to achieving the best use of medication involving the sharing of information between healthcare professionals and patients. The prescriber can promote an effective therapeutic relationship by building a patient’s confidence in their ability to self-manage their condition. 5.2. MENTAL CAPACITY â€Å"The Mental Capacity Act 2005 provides a statutory framework to empower and protect people aged 16 and over who lack, or may lack, capacity to make certain decisions for themselves because of illness, a learning disability, or mental health problems. The act was fully implemented in October 2007 and applies in England and Wales. If someone is unable to make a decision for themselves at the material time because of an impairment of the mind, then that person can be said to lack the mental capacity to make that decision.† (Alzheimers society, 2011). According to the law, a person is defined as being unable to make decisions for themselves if they are not able to undertake at least one of the following: understand information given to them retain that information long enough to be able to make a decision weigh up the information available to make a decision communicate their decision by any possible means, including talking, using sign language, or even through simple muscle movements such as blinking an eye or squeezing a hand. (Rethink, 2010) Mary was found to lack capacity as she was unable to retain or weigh up the information given to him to make a decision. Mary lacked any insight into her recent worsening of symptoms, changes in behaviour and aggression. This is often the case with dementia disease. â€Å"The act encompasses five main principles: 1   A presumption of capacity − Every adult has the right to make their own decisions and must be assumed to have capacity to do so unless it is proved otherwise. 2   The right for individuals to be supported to make their own decisions − All reasonable help and support should be provided to make their own decisions. 3   It should not be assumed that someone lacks capacity simply because their decisions might seem unwise or eccentric. 4   If someone lacks capacity, anything done on their behalf must be done in their best interests. 5   If someone lacks capacity, before making a decision on their behalf, all alternatives must be considered and the option chosen should be the least restrictive of their basic rights and freedoms.† (Warren, L. 2010) â€Å"When considering a persons views and wishes it is important that they are given weight, and are carried out, unless the effects would be detrimental to that person.† (National archives, 2010) The multi-disciplinary team worked to all these principles in Mary’s case by:- 1. Presuming capacity by letting Mary make decisions until the capacity assessment had been done and a formal plan of care put in place. Mary was also supported to continue to make decisions on a daily basis which she was deemed to have capacity to make e.g. what to wear that day. 2. Support was provided in the form of an Independent mental health advocate (IMHA). 3. Mary was found to have capacity to make certain decisions even if they seemed strange to the ward staff. Staff supported her in this. 4. Mary had a best interest assessment and the findings were used to formulate a comprehensive care plan for Mary. 5. The MDT sought input from the deprivation of liberty safeguarding team (DOLS) around the intervention decisions with Mary to ensure they were applying the least restrictive care. 5.3. ETHICAL CONCERNS When working with people with dementia ethical practise should be considered as dementia is a long-term illness with no cure. Treatment is purely palliative and the evidence for the benefit versus drawbacks to treatment is not fully understood. (www.mind.org.uk) Foot Anstey solicitors explain that Advance directives and lasting power of attorneys put in place can ensure that the service user receives the treatment and care they want when they are no longer able to voice their requirements themselves. (www.repod.org.uk) Healthcare professionals must make the service user the centre of care decisions in the service user’s best interests to uphold ethical practise. 6. REFERENCES Aarbakke, J et al, (2006) Illustrated Pharmacology for nurses. Hooder Arnold, London. Alzheimers society (2011). Diagnosis and assessment. [Internet] Available from: alzheimers.org.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php?documentID=260 [Accessed on 5/4/11] British National Formulary (March 2009) Galantamine, pg 281-282, BMJ and RPS, London. British National Formulary (March 2009) Mirtazapine, pg 215-216, BMJ and RPS, London. British National Formulary (March 2009) Lorazepam, pg 188, 190 BMJ and RPS, London. Calderdale pct, (2004) Improving health, improving lives: commissioning strategy for Calderdale. [Internet] Available from: calderdale.nhs.uk/fileadmin/files/Public_Information/Publications/Strategic_Plan_Appendix_1.pdf [Accessed on 6/4/11] Cheesman S (2006) Promoting concordance: the implications for prescribers.Nurse Prescribing; 4: 5 205-208. Dixon, M (2010) Modernising medicines management. A guide to achieving benefits for patients, professionals and the NHS, Executive summary. National prescribing centre, (2001) [Internet] Available from: npc.nhs.uk/developing_systems/intro/resources/library_good_practice_guide_mmmexecutive_summary_2002.pdf [Accessed on 10/4/11] Fittock, A. (2010) Non-medical prescribing by nurses. National prescribing centre [Internet] Available from: npc.co.uk/prescribers/resources/NMP_QuickGuide.pdf  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   [Accessed on 6/4/11] MedicineNet.com, Mirtazapine index. [Internet]   Available from: medicinenet.com/mirtazapine/article.htm [Accessed on 30/1/11] Modernising Medicines Management. A guide to achieving benefits for patients, professionals and the NHS. National Prescribing Centre, (2001). [Internet]   Available from: npci.org.uk/medicines_management/medicines/medicinesintro/library/5mg_intro_to_mm.php [Accessed on 6/4/11] The National Archives (2010) Mental Capacity Act, 2005. [Internet] Available from: legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2005/9/part/1 [Accessed on 10/4/11] National prescribing centre (NHS) Medicines management [Internet]. Available from: npc.co.uk/mm/index.htm [Accessed on 9/4/11] Non-medical prescribing programme, (2009) DOH, London. [Internet] Available from: dh.gov.uk//TheNon-MedicalPrescribingProgramme/index.htm [Accessed on 5/4/11] Nursing and Midwifery Council. (2008). The code: Standards of conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives. [Internet].   Available from: nmc-uk.org/Nurses-and-midwives/The-code/The-code-in-full/   [Accessed on 10/4/11] Rethink National Advice and Information Service. (2010). Mental Capacity Act 2005. [Internet] Available from: rethink.org/living_with_mental_illness/rights_and_laws/laws_you_need_to_know_about/mental_capacity_act.html [Accessed on 12/4/11] Scottish medicines consortium (2004) NHS Scotland, Treatment for Alzheimers dementia [Internet] Available from: scottishmedicines.org.uk/files/reminyl_XL_Summary_Advice__FINAL__for_website.pdf [Accessed on 13/4/11] Shepherd, M. (2002). Medicines. Nursing Times,   VOL: 98, ISSUE: 15, PAGE NO: 43 [Internet] Available from: nursingtimes.net/nursing-practice-clinical-research/medicines/206461.article [Accessed on 12/4/11] Stapleton, L (22 Nov, 2010) Can nurse prescribing improve medication concordance in people with dementia?. Nursing Times, 106:46 [Internet] Available from: nursingtimes.net/nursing-practice/clinical-specialisms/prescribing/can-nurse-prescribing-improve-medication-concordance-in-people-with-dementia/5022174.article [Accessed on 11/4/11] Warren, L (2010) Mental capacity Act, 2005 Factsheet. [Internet] Available from: alzheimers.org.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php?documentID=354 [Accessed on 5/4/11]

A Research Study On Evolution And Evolution Essay -- Evolution, Creation

According to The Huffington Post, only 66% of adults in the U.S. believe in evolution and about half of the 66% believe that there was a divine being guiding evolution (Kaleem). A lot more people believe in creationism than expected. In order to know the full significance of this statistic, one must first know what it means. We have learned in school that evolution is thought to be a long-term, ongoing process by which single-celled organisms grew to be complicated organisms through natural selection. Natural selection occurs when organisms with the best traits survive to reproduce more, making those traits more common and effectively changing the species over time ("Natural Selection: Charles†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). The rest of the 33% of adults in the previous statistic believe that humans have existed in their current form since the beginning (Kaleem). In other words, these remaining people are likely creationists. Generally, a creationist believes that a god or some divine power created the earth and the heavens out of nothing, through its own will. This creator will interact with his or her world as necessary (Ruse). Using this definition, Christians would be considered creationists. Now, when factoring in the amount of Christians in the United States, that 33% makes more sense. Naturally, these two ideas clash. Their very definitions negate the other’s. Evolutionists and creationists have an ongoing battle about which one is more valid due to the extensive amount of accreditation and history the ideas possess. The study and idea of evolution have been going on for a long time and there is a great deal of history behind the theory. An article reports that even before Charles Darwin, scientists and philosophers the possibility of an â€Å"intelligent being† (â€Å"Creationism Should Be†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) Teaching evolution would also be bad for students, according to Christians. Some blame modern science for diluting the integrity of God and man. Fighting for creationism in schools is a righteous act in their minds and these creationists must do their best to bring Americans back to a God. (â€Å"Neither Creationism nor†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). There are plenty of reasons why each theory should be taught in school. However, the question still stands of whether or not they should be. From a fair perspective, they should both be taught. However, from a legal standpoint, only evolution should be taught. Perhaps one day the United States will not have to worry about this issue. According to a study, the amount of non-religious youth and adults have been increasing for several generations and this trend will continue (Lipka).

Declarations of Freedom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Declarations of Freedom - Essay Example   In the declaration of freedom, Elizabeth Cady Stanton writes about the declaration of Sentiments, in which she airs the sentiments of women in the fight for recognition and freedom. This was presented at the Women’s Rights Convention held in Seneca Falls, in New York. In this conference attended by about three hundred people, only one hundred signed for the declaration. To elaborate further misunderstanding or less of it for the women’s plight, those who signed for it did so after it was revised and corrected. There are reasons that encouraged women to sit and jot down these sentiments. Among these are the misrepresentations in the legislative front, the fact that is fostered by their being denied elective rights. Men, also infringed on women’s rights to ownership of property as well as their right to pursue quality higher education, which left women under their control and mercy. Women, because of this oppression, felt worthless with little or no confidence in themselves. Men who struggle to dominate them in every aspect of life have trashed their self-respect. This renders women completely willing to live dependent on men and abjectly at that. It is because of these reasons that the declaration of sentiments was unveiled in the Women’s Right Convention. From the above points on discrimination of women, it is clear that the rights of women are not prioritized as compared to those of men. The latter group enjoys all the elective and representational rights that exist in the society. In addition, they also define what is considered okay for women to do, as well as what is not right. In the Cuban culture, women were similarly discriminated against just like in America before the united colonies gained their independence. This was before the revolution, 1959. Women were required to perform their roles as wives and homemakers, as opposed to being educated and independent individuals. For those who had the privilege of going to school , their academic potential was limited (Cuba Solidarity). They were required to give up their academic dreams for the sake of caring for their families.     

Business Forecasting Using eViews Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Forecasting Using eViews - Essay Example Some of their equipment failed in the market and they faced a multi-million-pound lawsuit. This led to a huge deficit in their pension fund. This was the cause of the major fall in their share prices in that period. From the analysis, the prices were performing better from that point onward and rose in an almost steady gradient. This was until the first quarter of 2005 when the share price fell slightly, then another steady rise to mid-2006. Subsequently, there was a drop of the index by about 50. The graph then rises and a number of more falls follow before the end of the sample period. Due to the noise of the graph, trend identification is difficult. A histogram illustrates a slightly clearer representation of the data, this helps with the noise problem. Due to the non-linearity and volatility of financial data, it is difficult to predict the level of the series at each period. The figure below is stationary, which makes it more predictable. It also depicts the first differences in the series. It shows the first differences of the Rolls Royce shares during the period 01/01/2000 and ending 31/12/2007. The differences in this period are stationary relative to their mean; their variance is relatively stable as well. There is a slight increase in the middle of the graph between mid-2002 and mid-2003. The first difference of the logarithms is the returns to share in the financial market. This is the representation of the value. The change or the first difference of Y is c. If the accurate prediction of the consequent references were possible from the series, then the next period would be an increment to the current level to achieve the next level. Reiterations for all higher levels takes place. The constant model expansion yields Financial data are very volatile due to the many factors that affect its behavior. This makes it very unpredictable.  

Entrepreneurship for Small Businesses

Entrepreneurship for Small Businesses Entrepreneurship creates a new field of business, despite risks and uncertainty. To achieve profit and growth, a business must identify crucial opportunities and assemble the necessary resources to capitalize on them. Most forms of entrepreneurship are small scale businesses which begin targeting a specific class of customers. Entrepreneurship business has a bright vision according to the report by many studies. Starting business might be an opportunity for people who have been the unemployed, caused by economic recession. There are two important factors to keep creativity which is the ability to develop new ideas and to discover new ways of looking at problems and opportunities. Next innovation is the ability to apply creative solutions to problems and opportunities while enhancing or enriching peoples lives. Furthermore, the three steps to implement creativity and innovation are developing a strategic plan for a business using the nine steps in the strategic planning process, and building a marketing plan, pricing strategies, financial plan, and cash flow management. These will be necessary for a small business to be successful as well as a harmony with considering the opposite side opinions. Background of Current Economic Situation The condition of global economy is in the recession and that is evidence through various economic figures like the GDP, the rate of unemployment, crisis of subprime mortgage which is a huge economic crisis to intimidate the base of economy system caused by deficit of real estate by overestimation (Oshinsky, J., Fleishman, B., Murray, J., Fields, J., 2007). Aggregate supply which is a total amount of producing by companies in a country, and aggregate demand which is a total amount of consuming by customers in a country are getting to decrease (Vogel Jr., J., 2007). Especially unemployment rate influences the real living quality of people. The more the unemployment rate increases, the worse the quality of peoples living is. Moreover, the social instability is caused by the high rate of unemployment (Barrell, R. Holland, D., 2008). Considering Entrepreneurship as a Solution In this situation, the establishment of a small business and entrepreneurship is one of the solutions to decrease financial crisis such as a high rate of unemployment and deduction of the GDP. This will provide not only the opportunity to recover the loss of many unemployed workers and the GDP, but also create many jobs and products caused by new entry of small businesses. Furthermore, there are many other reasons to support entrepreneurship as a good alternative to solve the recession (Patterson, S., 1993). Common people still regard establishing a business as a risky challenge that could lead to big failure. It is usual that one who does not have confidence in his or her success might avoid establishing his or her own business. But, if there is a unique idea to be applied in a new business, and it is certain that a competitive business strategy plan and solid management could be settled based on thorough analysis regarding the new market, the result of small business would not be risky, and could make an amazing profit. Of course, maintaining a study for corresponding customers feedback and avoiding any potential drawbacks is an essential requirement for the success of small business (Carmona, J., 2008). The Positive Aspects of Entrepreneurship First of all, there are reasons why the entrepreneurship will be appropriate for recovering and restarting a career in the period of recent recession in two points of view. In a viewpoint of the individual entrepreneur, the entrepreneurship will be a chance to create your own destiny after resigning from your former profession. Owning a business provides entrepreneurs the independence and the opportunity to make their desire a reality. It is certain that the result of managing businesses should be required to their responsibilities if their businesses are successful or not. The small business will be an opportunity to make a difference because they see a chance to make a difference in a cause that is important to them. The entrepreneurs are always looking for ways to combine their concerns for social issues and their desires to earn a good living. Moreover, the entrepreneurs businesses become their instrument for self-expression and self-actualization. Their businesses are exciting and challenging for them. The entrepreneurs usually enjoy their businesses as their hobbies, not a work. Their success of businesses depends on their ability regarding how much they are creative, enthusiastic, and vision will be imposed from their potential capacity (Klein, K., 2008). Besides, the entrepreneurship will be a good opportunity to earn impressive profits. Many of them do become wealthy. For example, nearly 75 percent of those on the Forbes list of the 400 richest Americans are first generation entrepreneurs. According to research by Thomas Stanley and William Danko, self-employed business owners make up two thirds of American millionaires. Furthermore, small business owners are generally among the most respected and most trusted members of their communities. Business deals based on trust and mutual respect are the guarantees of many established small companies. These owners are proud of the trust and recognition they receive from the customers they have served faithfully over the years. A study by the National Federation of Independent Businesses found that seventy eight percent of Americans believe that small businesses exerts a positive influence on the countrys direction, a ranking exceeded only by science and technology (Zimmerer T. W. Scarborough N. M., 2008). Most advantage of the entrepreneurship is that owners of small businesses can make their hobbies their work, and they can enjoy their work with great interest and fun. Even though their business is not successful, they can satisfy just their working process because they have a business they enjoy and love (Shah, A., 2007). In a viewpoint of the contribution to society of the entrepreneurship, not only small companies lead the way in creating jobs, but they also take the brunt of training workers for them. One study by the Small Business Administration concluded that small businesses are the leaders in offering training and advancement opportunities to workers. Small companies offer more general skill instruction and training than larger ones, and their employees receive more benefits from the training than do those in larger firms. Even though their training programs tend to be informal, in-house, and on–the–job, small companies teach employees valuable skills, from written communication to computer literacy. Small businesses also produce fifty one percent of the countrys private GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and account for forty seven percent of business sales. In fact, the US small business sector is the worlds third largest economy, trailing only the entire US economy and China. Small companies also are incubators of new ideas, products, and services. Small firms actually create thirteen to fourteen times more innovations per research employee than large companies. Traditionally small businesses have played a role in innovation and they continue to do so today. Many important inventions trace their roots to an entrepreneur, including the zipper, FM radio, the laser, air conditioning, the escalator, the light bulb, the personal computer, and the automatic transmission (Stottlemyer, T., 2008). Likewise, the entrepreneurship business has a positive vision based on above facts. If the entrepreneurs want to make their business successful, they need a good plan to differentiate their business from other businesses. Thus, creativity about their business should be represented as one of the main factors of success. Creativity is not only an important source for building a competitive advantage, but it also is a necessity especially for survival of small business. Small businesses relatively have disadvantages for the high cost to produce goods and services, and narrow selling channels compared with big companies. Therefore, creativity is a very important part to motivate the company, making it more competitive in the market. Creative ideas would not be easy to be caught, thus should be found after the creative process which involves seven steps (Spence, R., 2006). Preparing for Entrepreneurship The first step is the preparation that includes a formal education, on the job training, work experience, and taking advantage of other learning opportunities. These ways can provide a foundation on which to build creativity and innovation. For instance, the adaptation of attitudes of a lifelong student will assist owners of small businesses to establish and manage their businesses. Every situation you meet will be an opportunity to learn about the business. Reading many writings even if it is not in your field of profession, will be a source of creativity and innovation which are frequently originated from blended ideas and concepts in various fields of different expertise. In addition, gathering articles related to your small business should be the great guide book to bring the information from which to draw ideas and inspirations. Furthermore, joining professional and trade associations and attending their meetings will be a chance to brainstorm with others who have similar interests. You can learn how others solved specific problems, which will give you new insight to solve your problems of business. Besides, there are practical plans to prepare for creativity like investing time in studying other countries and their cultures. This offers incredible business opportunities for entrepreneurs with necessary knowledge and experience by your global experiences. The second step is the investigation which requires one to develop a solid understanding of the problem, situation, or decision. To create new ideas and concepts in a particular field, an individual must first study the problem and understand its basic components. Creative thinking comes about when people make careful observations of the world around them and then investigate the way things work (Zimmerer T. W. Scarborough N. M., 2008). The third step is the transformation which involves viewing the similarities and the differences among the information collected. This phase requires two types of thinking: convergent and divergent. Convergent thinking is the ability to see the similarities and the connections among various and often diverse data and events. Divergent thinking is the ability to see the differences among various data and events (Zimmerer T. W. Scarborough N. M., 2008). The fourth step is the incubation which is concerned about the time of subconscious needs to reflect on the information collected. To an observer, this phase of the creative process would be quite boring; it looks as though nothing is happening. In fact, during this phase, it may appear that the creative person is loafing. Incubation occurs while the individual is away from the problem, often engaging in some totally unrelated activity. Working on the problem or opportunity in a different environment helps stimulate your creativity (Zimmerer T. W. Scarborough N. M., 2008). The fifth step is the illumination which occurs at some point during the incubation stage when a spontaneous breakthrough causes â€Å"the light bulb to go on.† In the illumination stage, all of the previous stages come together to produce the â€Å"Eureka factor†- the creation of the innovate idea. In one study of two hundred scientists, eighty percent said that at least once a solution to a problem had â€Å"just popped into their heads†- usually when they were away from the problems (Zimmerer T. W. Scarborough N. M., 2008). The sixth step is the verification. For entrepreneurs, proving an idea as accurate and useful may include conducting experiments, running simulations, test marketing a product or service, establishing small scale pilot programs, building prototypes, and engaging in many other activities designed to verify that the new idea will work and is practical to implement. The goal is to subject the innovative idea to the test of cold and hard reality (Zimmerer T. W. Scarborough N. M., 2008). The seventh step is the implementation. The main purpose of this step is to transform the idea into reality. Many people come up with creative ideas in order to promise new products or services, but most never take them beyond the idea stage. What sets entrepreneurs apart is that they act in their ideas. An entrepreneurs final goal is to make their innovative ideas in the reality successfully (Zimmerer T. W. Scarborough N. M., 2008). Designing a Competitive Business Model After establishing creative ideas which are differentiated from other competitors, entrepreneur needs to design a competitive business model. Obviously the number of strategies from which the small business owner can choose is enormous. But, there are three basic strategies remain permanently. First one is cost leadership. A company pursuing a cost leadership strategy strives to be the lowest cost producer relative to its competitors in the industry. Low cost leaders have a competitive advantage in reaching buyers whose main purchase criterion is price. They have the power to set the industrys price floor. This strategy works well when buyers are sensitive to price changes, when competing firms sell the same products and compete on the basis of the price , and when companies can benefit from economies of scale. Not only is a low cost leader in the best position to define itself in a price war, but it also can use its power to attack competitors with the lowest price in the market. Next is the differentiation. A company following a differentiation strategy seeks to build customer loyalty by positioning its goods and services in a unique or different fashion. That enables the business to command higher price for its products or services than competitors. The key of differentiation is to be special at something that is important to the customers. In other word, a business strives to be better than its competitors at something customers value. Last one is the focus strategy which recognizes that not all markets are homogeneous. In fact, there are many different customer segments, each having different needs, wants, and characteristics. The principal idea of the focus strategy is to select one or more market segments, identify customers special needs, wants, and interests, and approach them with a good or service designed to excel in meeting these needs, wants, and interests. Focus strategies build on the differences among market segments. Fro instance, most markets contains a population of customers who are willing and able to pay for the premium goods and services, giving small companies the opportunity to follow a focus strategy aimed at the premium segment of the market. Strategic Management Entrepreneur should plan the strategic management process. Generally small companies that lack clear strategies may achieve some success in the short run, but as soon as competitive conditions stiffen or an unanticipated threat arises, they usually â€Å"hit the wall† and fold. Without a basis for differentiating itself from a pack of similar competitors, the best a company can hope for is mediocrity in the marketplace. In todays intensely competitive global environment, entrepreneurs who are not thinking and acting strategically are putting their businesses at risk. Strategic management is the mechanism for operating successfully in a chaotic competitive environment. The goal of developing a strategic plan is to create for the small company a competitive advantage which is the aggregation of factors that sets the small business apart from its competitors and gives it a unique position in the market. Every small firm must establish a plan for creating a unique image in the minds of its potential customers. A company builds a competitive edge on its core competencies, which are a unique set of capabilities that a company develops in key operational areas, such as quality, service, innovation, team building, flexibility, responsibilities, and others, that allow it to get over past competitors. They are what the company does best and are the focal point of the strategy. This step must identify target market segments and determine how to position the firm in those markets. Entrepreneurs must identify some way to differentiate their companies from competitors. The initiate step of developing a strategic plan is that developing a clear vision and translating it into a meaningful mission statement. Highly successful entrepreneurs are able to communicate their vision to those around them. The firms mission statement answers the first question as what business am I in? The mission statement sets the tone for the entire company. The second step is assessing the companys strengths and weaknesses. Strengths are positive internal factors; weaknesses are negative internal factors. The third step is scanning the environment for significant opportunities and threats facing the business. Opportunities are positive external options; threats are negative external forces. The fourth step is identifying the key factors for success in the business. In every business, key factors that determine the success of the firms in it, and so they must be an integral part of a companys strategy. Key success factors are relationships between a controllable variable and a critical factor influencing the firms ability to compete in the market. The fifth step is that analyzing the competition. Business owners should know their competitors business almost as well as they know their own business. A competitive profile matrix is a helpful tool for analyzing competitors strengths and weaknesses (Shah, A., 2007). The sixth step is to create company goals and objectives. Goals are the broad, long-range attributes that the firm seeks to accomplish. Objectives are quantifiable and more precise; they should be specific, measurable, assignable, realistic, timely, and written down. The process works best when managers and employees are actively involved. The seventh step is to formulate strategic options and select the appropriate strategies. A strategy is the game plan the firm plans to use to achieve its objectives and mission. It must center on establishing for the firm the key success factors identified earlier. The eighth step to translate strategic plans into action plans. No strategic plan is complete until the owner puts it into action. The last step is to establish accurate controls. Actual performance rarely matches plans exactly. Operating data from the business assembled into a comprehensive scorecard serve as an important guidepost for determining how effective a companys strategy is. This information is especially helpful when plotting future strategies (Shah, A., 2007). Marketing Strategy After that, building a marketing plan is necessary for entrepreneurs to act their managing strategies in reality, which is the process of creating and delivering to customers including all of activities related to winning and retaining loyal customers. Thus, marketing plan focus on the companys target customers and how to satisfy their needs and wants. Solid marketing plan should determine customer needs and wants through market research, and pinpoint the specific target markets the company will serve. Furthermore, after analyzing the firms competitive advantages and building a marketing strategy, entrepreneurs should create a marketing mix for their customers (Spence, R., 2006). Entrepreneurs should understand where in their customers product life cycle lately. They also focus on choosing the appropriate channel and place of distribution and using it efficiently. Setting the right price for their products or services is pretty hard because this work need to utilize the statistic data and catch the emotion of customers regarding their products. At the end of marketing strategy, owners of small businesses should develop a promotion for their products including advertising, personal selling, creating events, and guerilla marketing that is a kind of marketing promotions focused on emphasizing unique comparative advantages relative to other competitors (Spence, R., 2006). Opposite Side Opinion People who have opposite opinions against entrepreneurship point out ten potential risks. First is management mistake that is the primary cause of business failure. Sometimes the owner of a small business lacks the leadership ability, sound judgment, and knowledge necessary to make the business work. Second is lack of business experience which indicates that most entrepreneurs tend to be beginners to be easy to make management mistakes in their own businesses. Third one is poor financial control. Effective managers realize that any successful business venture requires proper financial control. Business success also requires having a sufficient amount of capital on hand at start-up. Undercapitalization is a common cause of business failure because companies run out of capital before they are able to generate positive cash flow. Entrepreneurs tend to be overly optimistic and often misjudge the financial requirements of going into business (US Recession Would Hurt, 2008). Fourth one is weak marketing efforts that means entrepreneurs tend to misunderstand the marketing efforts. For example, owners of small businesses usually believe their businesses will make a great number of customers automatically, but it almost never happens in reality. Building a growing base of customers requires a sustained and creative marketing effort. Keeping customers coming back requires providing customers with value, quality, convenience, service, and fun. Fifth thing is failure to develop a strategic plan. Many small business managers ignore the process of strategic planning because they think that is something that benefits only large companies. Without a good defined strategy, a business has no sustainable basis for creating and maintaining a competitive edge in the marketplace. Establishing a strategic plan drives entrepreneurs to assess realistically a proposed businesss potential. Sixth thing is uncontrolled growth. Business growth is a natural, healthy, and desirable part of any business, but it must be planned and controlled. As the business increases in size and complexity, problems increase in magnitude, and the entrepreneur must learn to deal with them. Seventh thing is poor location. Business location are often selected without proper study, investigation, and planning. Some beginning owners select a particular location just because they found a vacant building. The sales business should be influenced heavily by choice of location. Eighth is improper inventory control. Insufficient inventory control results in shortages and stockouts, causing customers to become disillusioned and leave. More common situation is that the manager has not only too much inventory, but also too much of wrong type of inventory (Zimmerer T. W. Scarborough N. M., 2008). Ninth is incorrect pricing. Small business owners usually underprice their products and services for making strong competition. Establishing accurate prices is to know what a product or service costs to make or to provide. Then, business owners can establish prices that reflect the image they want to make for their companies with an observation on the competition. Tenth is inability to make the Entrepreneurial Transition. After the start up, growth usually requires a radically different style of management, one that entrepreneurs are not necessarily good at. Growth requires entrepreneurs to delegate authority and to relinquish hands-on control of daily operations, something many entrepreneurs simply can not do (Zimmerer T. W. Scarborough N. M., 2008). Suggestions for solving opposite side Entrepreneurs must know their business field in depth. Small business owners should get the best education in their business area before they set out on their own business. Small business managers have to become serious students of their industry to analyze and examine their industry for their success. Reading trade journals, business periodicals, books, and research reports related to their industry, which can guide entrepreneurs to the success. Moreover, personal contact with suppliers, customers, trade associations in the same industry is another excellent way to get that knowledge. Small business owners should develop a solid business plan that is a crucial ingredient in preparing for business success. Well written and planned business plan not only provide a pathway to success, but it also creates a benchmark against which an entrepreneur can measure actual company performance. This planning process drives entrepreneurs to ask and answer some difficult, challenging, and crucial questions. Managing financial resources is also essential part for entrepreneurs to run their business successfully. The best defense against financial problems is to develop a practical information system and then use this information to make business decisions. The first step in managing financial resources effectively is to have adequate start up capital. Estimating initial capital as much double as entrepreneurs expect will be good for starting a business because many costs that entrepreneurs do not expect will come out at the beginning time. The most valuable financial resource is cash. Even though earning a profit is essential to its long term survival, a business must have an appropriate supply of cash to pay its bills and obligations. Managing cash is one of entrepreneurs primary abilities to maintain their business. Owners in small businesses have to understand financial statements what is going on in the business. These financial statements are reliable indicators of small businesses health. They can be helpful in realizing potential problems like declining sales, slipping profits, rising debt, and deteriorating working capital that are symptoms of potentially critical problems which require immediate attention. No matter what kind of business entrepreneurs launch, entrepreneurs must learn to manage people. Every business depends on the foundation of well trained, motivated employees. Business owner can not do everything alone. In the end, most dominant sustainable resource is the good quality of the people entrepreneurs have. Starting business is like running a marathon. If entrepreneurs are not physically and mentally prepared, entrepreneurs had better do something different. The success of business depends on entrepreneurs constant presence and attention. It is critical to monitor a business condition constantly. Also successful entrepreneurs recognize that their most valuable asset of their time, and they learn to manage it effectively to make themselves and their companies more productive. Conclusion Entrepreneurship is not ultimate solution for solving recession, but it can be one of primary alternatives to help people come out of economic recession. Although there are risks to start a business, entrepreneurship have many advantages to be valuable for challenging new industry. For instance, good opportunity to earn impressive profits, making hobbies main work, and the contribution to society is representative advantages of entrepreneurship. Therefore, considering the opposite opinions, building solid managing strategy and marketing plan, maintaining a study for corresponding customers feedback must make entrepreneurship successfully.